St. Hedwig's Cathedral is Berlin's Roman Catholic cathedral. One of Europe's largest delicatessen markets is found at the KaDeWe, and among the world's largest chocolate stores is Fassbender & Rausch.[233]. [57] Then Spain offered, and was appointed, as the new host. Built in 1969, it is visible throughout most of the central districts of Berlin. Please register to participate in our discussions with 2 million other members - it's free and quick! [218] Berlin is also well known for the cultural festival Berliner Festspiele, which includes the jazz festival JazzFest Berlin, and Young Euro Classic, the largest international festival of youth orchestras in the world. [160] With 377 cars per 1000 residents in 2013 (570/1000 in Germany), Berlin as a Western global city has one of the lowest numbers of cars per capita. Winters are cool with average high temperatures of 3 °C (37 °F) and lows of â2 to 0 °C (28 to 32 °F). Both airports together handled 29.5 million passengers in 2015. Berlin ( b r l n German blin ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. [154] Berlin is number 8 at the Global Power City Index. [25] Other landmarks include the Brandenburg Gate, the Reichstag building, Potsdamer Platz, the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, the Berlin Wall Memorial, the East Side Gallery, the Berlin Victory Column, Berlin Cathedral and the Berlin Television Tower, the tallest structure in Germany. In 1861, neighboring suburbs including Wedding, Moabit and several others were incorporated into Berlin. The Gendarmenmarkt is a neoclassical square in Berlin, the name of which derives from the headquarters of the famous Gens d'armes regiment located here in the 18th century. [134] Within the Eurozone, Berlin has become a center for business relocation and international investments. [21] Canada's environment minister at the time, Stéphane Dion, said the agreement provides a "map for the future".[22][23]. Precipitation is the lowest in February, with an average of 74 mm | 2.9 inch. [116] The total annual state budget of Berlin in 2015 exceeded â¬24.5 ($30.0) billion including a budget surplus of â¬205 ($240) million. The Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute develops mobile and stationary broadband communication networks and multimedia systems. One of Germany's sixteen constituent states, Berlin is surrounded by the State of Brandenburg and contiguous with Potsdam, Brandenburg's . [53], The 25th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 25) to the UNFCCC was planned to take place from 11 to 22 November 2019 in Brazil. [240], Potsdam is on the southwestern periphery of Berlin. [56] In 1961, East Germany began to build the Berlin Wall around West Berlin, and events escalated to a tank standoff at Checkpoint Charlie. COP 4 took place in November 1998 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Monthly weather forecast and climate for Berlin. COP 6 took place on 13–25 November 2000, in The Hague, Netherlands. In 1989, with the end of the Cold War and pressure from the East German population, the Berlin Wall fell on 9 November and was subsequently mostly demolished. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository, Climate diagrams of Temperature diagrams of Berlin-Dahlem (FU), DWD Bedeckungsgrad Box Berlin-Dahlem (FU) 10381.svg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Climate_diagrams_of_Berlin&oldid=209590615, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [44], Fijian Prime Minister and incoming President of COP 23, Frank Bainimarama, on 13 April launched the logo for this year's United Nations Climate Change Conference, to be held at UN Campus, Bonn in November. [117] The state owns extensive assets, including administrative and government buildings, real estate companies, as well as stakes in the Olympic Stadium, swimming pools, housing companies, and numerous public enterprises and subsidiary companies.[118][119]. Its Zoological Garden is the most visited zoo in Europe and one of the most popular worldwide. The Science and Business Park in Adlershof is the largest technology park in Germany measured by revenue. Additional suburbs soon developed and increased the area and population of Berlin. [11] Berlin's second-largest and most popular park, the GroÃer Tiergarten, is located right in the center of the city. Its political rules come from the 'constitution' called Basic Law (Grundgesetz), written by West Germany in 1949.It has a parliamentary system, and the parliament elects the head of government, the Federal Chancellor (Bundeskanzler).The current Chancellor, Dr . Qatar hosted COP 18 which took place in Doha, Qatar, from 26 November to 7 December 2012. Among them are the German Heart Center, one of the most renowned transplantation centers, the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, and the Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics. L'étude propose une réflexion sur les mécanismes ayant conduit au baby-boom en Suisse. The city is also home of the German Film Academy (Deutsche Filmakademie), founded in 2003, and the European Film Academy, founded in 1988. [needs update]. [178] The FU, the HU, the TU, and the Charité make up the Berlin University Alliance, which has received funding from the Excellence Strategy program of the German government. [204] The German Museum of Technology in Kreuzberg has a large collection of historical technical artifacts. [2] The government keeps a register of members of these churches for tax purposes, because it collects church tax on behalf of the churches. It does not keep records of members of other religious organizations which may collect their own church tax, in this way. Other parties continued to express hope that the United States would re-engage in the process at some point and worked to achieve ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by the requisite number of countries to bring it into force (55 countries needed to ratify it, including those accounting for 55% of developed-country emissions of carbon dioxide in 1990). Divisé en trois parties, il traite des phénomènes du climat et de leurs fondements physiques et géographiques : ⢠Circulation générale de la troposphère : rayonnement solaire, anticyclones mobiles polaires (AMP), agglutinations ... The victorious powers divided the city into four sectors, analogous to the occupation zones into which Germany was divided. Many residents strongly identify with their neighborhoods, colloquially called Kiez. [66] A partial opening by the end of 2020 of the Humboldt Forum museum, housed in the reconstructed Berlin City Palace, which had been announced in June, was postponed until March 2021. Young people, international artists and entrepreneurs continued to settle in the city and made Berlin a popular entertainment center in the world. [44] Under the rule of Frederick II, Berlin became a center of the Enlightenment, but also, was briefly occupied during the Seven Years' War by the Russian army. [31][32], In 1415, Frederick I became the elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, which he ruled until 1440. The working groups on these tracks to the negotiations are now due to report to COP 16 and CMP 6 in Mexico. [249] A Fan Fest at Brandenburg Gate, which attracts several hundred-thousand spectators, has become popular during international football competitions, like the UEFA European Championship. Approximately halfway from the Brandenburg Gate is the GroÃer Stern, a circular traffic island on which the Siegessäule (Victory Column) is situated. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) and The Left (Die Linke) took control of the city government after the 2001 state election and won another term in the 2006 state election. Discussions about moving the remaining ministries and departments to Berlin continue. The city has more than 10 stations[163] that run buses to destinations throughout Germany and Europe, Zentraler Omnibusbahnhof Berlin being the biggest station. It is a West Germanic language that derives most of its vocabulary from the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family. [106] About 2.7% of the population identify with other Christian denominations (mostly Eastern Orthodox, but also various Protestants). Berlin is home to many magazine, newspaper, book, and scientific/academic publishers and their associated service industries. Since 2015, the Arkenberge hills in Pankow at 122 meters (400 ft) elevation, have been the highest point in Berlin. Several large-scale trade fairs like the consumer electronics trade fair IFA, the ILA Berlin Air Show, the Berlin Fashion Week (including the Premium Berlin and the Panorama Berlin),[147] the Green Week, the Fruit Logistica, the transport fair InnoTrans, the tourism fair ITB and the adult entertainment and erotic fair Venus are held annually in the city, attracting a significant number of business visitors. The "Scots" that wis uised in this airticle wis written bi a body that's mither tongue isna Scots. This monument, built to commemorate Prussia's victories, was relocated in 1938â39 from its previous position in front of the Reichstag. It was primarily a technical meeting, and did not reach major conclusions. The month with the most snowfall is February when snow falls for 9.4 days and typically aggregates up to 6.1" (155mm) of snow. [203], The Jewish Museum has a standing exhibition on two millennia of German-Jewish history. [122] Town twinning between Berlin and other cities began with its sister city Los Angeles in 1967. [199] In 2005, Berlin was named "City of Design" by UNESCO and has been part of the Creative Cities Network ever since.[200][20]. Berlin's Botanischer Garten includes the Botanic Museum Berlin. Berlin is an important center in the European and German film industry. In 1971, a Four-Power agreement guaranteed access to and from West Berlin by car or train through East Germany.[58]. Trouvé à l'intérieurLe duc de Sussex desirant habiter un climat chaud , on croit qu'il sera nommé gouverneur de la Jamaïque à la place ... Berlin , fes octobre : Hier , M. Je Krusemarck , général - major et notre envoyé extraordinaire à la cour de France ... If you wish [167] The planned initial capacity of around 27 million passengers per year[168] is to be further developed to bring the terminal capacity to approximately 55 million per year by 2040.[169]. Stöver B. Geschichte Berlins. The office of the Governing Mayor is in the Rotes Rathaus (Red City Hall). These included major controversy over the United States' proposal to allow credit for carbon "sinks" in forests and agricultural lands that would satisfy a major proportion of the U.S. emissions reductions in this way; disagreements over consequences for non-compliance by countries that did not meet their emission reduction targets; and difficulties in resolving how developing countries could obtain financial assistance to deal with adverse effects of climate change[10] and meet their obligations to plan for measuring and possibly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Upon election as President of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro withdrew Brazil from hosting the event. The Charité is spread over four campuses and comprises around 3,000 beds, 15,500 staff, 8,000 students, and more than 60 operating theaters, and it has a turnover of two billion euros annually. meteoblue - weather close to you. [191] The Berlin School of Economics and Law has an enrollment of about 11,000 students, the Berlin University of Applied Sciences and Technology of about 12,000 students, and the Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft (University of Applied Sciences for Engineering and Economics) of about 14,000 students. [59], The COP 27 will take place in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt. A well-preserved specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex and the early bird Archaeopteryx are at display as well. Unter den Linden is a tree-lined eastâwest avenue from the Brandenburg Gate to the site of the former Berliner Stadtschloss, and was once Berlin's premier promenade. In Lichtenberg, on the grounds of the former East German Ministry for State Security, is the Stasi Museum. [59] Walter Momper, the mayor of West Berlin, became the first mayor of the reunified city in the interim. [29] The accord was notable in that it referred to a collective commitment by developed countries for new and additional resources, including forestry and investments through international institutions, that will approach US$30 billion for the period 2010–2012. [3] As of 2019[update] the functional urban area was home to about 5.2 million people. Turkish and Arab immigrants brought their culinary traditions to the city, such as the lahmajoun and falafel, which have become common fast food staples. About 500 top athletes (15% of all German top athletes) are based there. The relocation of the federal government and Bundestag to Berlin was mostly completed in 1999. Several venues have become a popular stage for the Neo-Burlesque scene. Clubs are not required to close at a fixed time during the weekends, and many parties last well into the morning or even all weekend. Berlin is a world city of culture, politics, media and science. There are also 86 public libraries in the city. The Fernsehturm (TV tower) at Alexanderplatz in Mitte is among the tallest structures in the European Union at 368 m (1,207 ft). [45] Following France's victory in the War of the Fourth Coalition, Napoleon Bonaparte marched into Berlin in 1806, but granted self-government to the city. A series of lakes also feeds into the upper Spree, which flows through the GroÃer Müggelsee in eastern Berlin.[68]. The Gemäldegalerie (Painting Gallery) focuses on the paintings of the "old masters" from the 13th to the 18th centuries, while the Neue Nationalgalerie (New National Gallery, built by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe) specializes in 20th-century European painting. Berlin lies in northeastern Germany, east of the River Elbe, that once constituted, together with the River (Saxon or Thuringian) Saale (from their confluence at Barby onwards), the eastern border of the Frankish Realm. [77] Snowfall mainly occurs from December through March. There are several joint projects with many other cities, such as Beirut, Belgrade, São Paulo, Copenhagen, Helsinki, Amsterdam, Johannesburg, Mumbai, Oslo, Hanoi, Shanghai, Seoul, Sofia, Sydney, New York City and Vienna. Polish, English, Russian, and Vietnamese have more native speakers in East Berlin. [69] The Müggelberge at 114.7 meters (376 ft) elevation is the highest natural point and the lowest is the Spektesee in Spandau, at 28.1 meters (92 ft) elevation. With Babelsberg being the world's first large-scale movie studio complex, Berlin is an increasingly popular location for international film productions. Foreign residents of Berlin originate from about 190 different countries. Its musical director is Daniel Barenboim. Several technology and media art festivals and conferences are held in the city, including Transmediale and Chaos Communication Congress. Restoration and construction of a main entrance to all museums, as well as reconstruction of the Stadtschloss continues. Among famous streets, Unter den Linden and FriedrichstraÃe are found in the city's old city centre (and were included in the former East Berlin). Museum Berggruen houses the collection of noted 20th century collector Heinz Berggruen, and features an extensive assortment of works by Picasso, Matisse, Cézanne, and Giacometti, among others. [52] Berlin is the most heavily bombed city in history. The name Berlin has its roots in the language of West Slavic inhabitants of the area of today's Berlin, and may be related to the Old Polabian stem berl-/birl- ("swamp"). [145] Tourism figures have more than doubled within the last ten years and Berlin has become the third-most-visited city destination in Europe. [30][32], The conference agreed to a start negotiations on a legally binding deal comprising all countries, to be adopted in 2015, governing the period post 2020. Each borough has several subdistricts or neighborhoods (Ortsteile), which have roots in much older municipalities that predate the formation of Greater Berlin on 1 October 1920. The most famous and largest are Berlin Pride, the Christopher Street Day,[215] the Lesbian and Gay City Festival in Berlin-Schöneberg, the Kreuzberg Pride and Hustlaball. [19][20] Berlin serves as a continental hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network. [174], From 1865 until 1976, Berlin had an extensive pneumatic postal network, which at its peak in 1940, totaled 400 kilometers in length. [132] Several major corporations like Volkswagen, Pfizer, and SAP operate innovation laboratories in the city. At the end of 2018, the city-state of Berlin had 3.75 million registered inhabitants[2] in an area of 891.1 km2 (344.1 sq mi). Albert Einstein rose to public prominence during his years in Berlin, being awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. Zoologischer Garten Berlin, the older of two zoos in the city, was founded in 1844. [97] Young Germans, EU-Europeans and Israelis have also settled in the city. [107] According to the Berlin residents register, in 2018 14.9 percent were members of the Evangelical Church, and 8.5 percent were members of the Catholic Church. [178] The Charité is a joint institution of the Freie Universität Berlin and the Humboldt University of Berlin, including a wide range of institutes and specialized medical centers. Capitals of European states and territories. The United Nations Climate Change Conferences are yearly conferences held in the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The agreement will enter into force (and thus become fully effective) on 4 November 2016. A private museum venture exhibits a comprehensive documentation of detailed plans and strategies devised by people who tried to flee from the East. [222] Simon Rattle is its principal conductor. [32] Officially, the Berlin-Cölln palace became permanent residence of the Brandenburg electors of the Hohenzollerns from 1486, when John Cicero came to power. [53] After the end of the war in Europe in May 1945, Berlin received large numbers of refugees from the Eastern provinces. 04.12 Climate Model Berlin - Development of the Number of Climatological Threshold Days in the Future (Edition 2016) Overview. This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. The climate in Berlin is characterized by being continental. [132] The historic Babelsberg Studios and the production company UFA are adjacent to Berlin in Potsdam. Winters can be very cold while their summers are warm and sunny. Ce livre fait découvrir aux lecteurs l'Allemagne des années 1950 dans sa diversité et ses... First documented in the 13th century and at the crossing of two important historic trade routes,[12] Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1417â1701), the Kingdom of Prussia (1701â1918), the German Empire (1871â1918), the Weimar Republic (1919â1933), and the Third Reich (1933â1945). However, on 14 November 2009, the New York Times announced that "President Obama and other world leaders have decided to put off the difficult task of reaching a climate change agreement... agreeing instead to make it the mission of the Copenhagen conference to reach a less specific "politically binding" agreement that would punt the most difficult issues into the future". Facing the Chancellery is the Bundestag, the German Parliament, housed in the renovated Reichstag building since the government's relocation to Berlin in 1998. [197] An innovative music, dance and art scene has developed in the 21st century. [38] The documents collectively contained: The conference made little progress towards the funding of the Green Climate Fund. [211] In the 1970s and 80s the SO36 in Kreuzberg was a center for punk music and culture. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The pre-COP conference was held in Venezuela. Some of the city's electric energy is imported from nearby power plants in southern Brandenburg.[175]. [2] One of Germany's sixteen constituent states, Berlin is surrounded by the State of Brandenburg and contiguous with Potsdam, Brandenburg's capital. The Brandenburg Gate is an iconic landmark of Berlin and Germany; it stands as a symbol of eventful European history and of unity and peace. meteoblue depends on cookies for best online experience, to analyse site usage and personalise advertising and content, for which we need your consent. [50], COP 24 was held on 3–14 December 2018 in Katowice, Poland. German international public broadcaster Deutsche Welle has its TV production unit in Berlin, and most national German broadcasters have a studio in the city including ZDF and RTL. The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, a Holocaust memorial, is to the north.[91]. In 2009, approximately 249,000 Muslims were reported by the Office of Statistics to be members of Mosques and Islamic religious organizations in Berlin,[108] while in 2016, the newspaper Der Tagesspiegel estimated that about 350,000 Muslims observed Ramadan in Berlin. The Spree follows this valley now. During the Cold War era, the partnerships had reflected the different power blocs, with West Berlin partnering with capitals in the Western World and East Berlin mostly partnering with cities from the Warsaw Pact and its allies. Daimler manufactures cars, and BMW builds motorcycles in Berlin. [72][73] This type of climate features moderate summer temperatures but sometimes hot (for being semicontinental) and cold winters but not rigorous most of the time. Around 130,000 jobs were added in this period. Much of this demolition was initiated by municipal architecture programs to build new business or residential districts and the main arteries. Through the disposal of construction debris they surpassed Teufelsberg (120.1 m or 394 ft), which itself was made up of rubble from the ruins of the Second World War. West of the center, Bellevue Palace is the residence of the German President. From 2011 to 2015 the meetings were used to negotiate the Paris Agreement as part of the Durban platform, which created a general path towards climate action. Tegel Airport was within the city limits, and Schönefeld Airport was located at the same site as the BER. Gerstengarbe FW, Werner PC (2009) A short update on Koeppen climate shifts in Europe between 1901 and 2003. Focal points are photonic components and systems, fiber optic sensor systems, and image signal processing and transmission. Both offer electric power and natural gas supply. [57] Berlin was completely divided. [46] January has the lowest average temperature of the year. [209] The leftover stretch along the Spree river in Friedrichshain remains as the East Side Gallery. La Décennie rouge raconte l'histoire de la dérive des soldats perdus d'une génération qui voulait changer le monde et que l'on a appelée en Allemagne le Protestgeneration. West Berlin officially remained an occupied city, but it politically was aligned with the Federal Republic of Germany despite West Berlin's geographic isolation. Find the best time to go to Berlin (Connecticut). Almost 2.0 million households were counted in the city. The creative arts and entertainment business is an important part of Berlin's economy. [229][230], Many local foods originated from north German culinary traditions and include rustic and hearty dishes with pork, goose, fish, peas, beans, cucumbers, or potatoes. [138] In 2015, Berlin generated the most venture capital for young startup companies in Europe. [213][214] Today, in addition to a positive atmosphere in the wider club scene, the city again has a huge number of queer clubs and festivals. Large parts of the boroughs Reinickendorf and Pankow lie on the Barnim Plateau, while most of the boroughs of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Tempelhof-Schöneberg, and Neukölln lie on the Teltow Plateau. Comment émergent et se développent les problèmes que la société entend prendre en charge ? ", "Part 4. [47] Another focal issue was the need to reduce greenhouse emissions and utilize low-carbon energy sources. A large crypt houses the remains of some of the earlier Prussian royal family. According to Mercer, Berlin ranked number 13 in the Quality of living city ranking in 2019. Starting in early 1943, many were shipped to concentration camps, such as Auschwitz. [238] In Kreuzberg, the Viktoriapark provides a viewing point over the southern part of inner-city Berlin. [248] The Mellowpark in Köpenick is one of the biggest skate and BMX parks in Europe. During the Weimar era, Berlin underwent political unrest due to economic uncertainties but also became a renowned center of the Roaring Twenties. Quelle sera l'Europe en 2020 ? It formed most of the territory that comprises modern Berlin and increased the population from 1.9 million to 4 million. The Greater Berlin Act in 1920 incorporated many suburbs and surrounding cities of Berlin. [49] In 1881, it became a city district separate from Brandenburg.[50]. [205], In Dahlem, there are several museums of world art and culture, such as the Museum of Asian Art, the Ethnological Museum, the Museum of European Cultures, as well as the Allied Museum. The church was destroyed in the Second World War and left in ruins. The Haus der Kulturen der Welt presents exhibitions dealing with intercultural issues and stages world music and conferences. Les membres du mouvement Extinction Rébellion exigent du gouvernement allemand des mesures concrètes sur le climat. FriedrichstraÃe was Berlin's legendary street during the Golden Twenties. [132] The city has a 6-year primary education program. [76] Annual precipitation is 570 millimeters (22 in) with moderate rainfall throughout the year. Other gardens in the city include the Britzer Garten, and the Gärten der Welt (Gardens of the World) in Marzahn. [88][89] Also on the island and next to the Lustgarten and palace is Berlin Cathedral, emperor William II's ambitious attempt to create a Protestant counterpart to St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. [129] From 2012 to 2015 Berlin, as a German state, had the highest annual employment growth rate. The Charité Medical School has around 8,000 students. However, this meeting took place after George W. Bush had become the President of the United States and had rejected the Kyoto Protocol in March 2001; as a result the United States delegation to this meeting declined to participate in the negotiations related to the Protocol and chose to take the role of observer at the meeting. After the war, the repaired bridge served as a checkpoint and border crossing between the Soviet and American sectors, and later between East and West Berlin. Berliners would achieve seven gold, twelve silver and three bronze medals.[253]. Black concluded that was a disconnect between the political process and the scientific imperative. Its main exhibition area covers more than 160,000 square meters (1,722,226 sq ft). At the end of the First World War in 1918, a republic was proclaimed by Philipp Scheidemann at the Reichstag building. The city's appearance today has been predominantly shaped by the key role it played in Germany's history during the 20th century. The earliest evidence of settlements in the area of today's Berlin are remnants of a house foundation dated to 1174, found in excavations in Berlin Mitte,[27] and a wooden beam dated from approximately 1192. [3] The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has over six million inhabitants and is Germany's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions.[10]. The unemployment rate reached a 24-year low in November 2015 and stood at 10.0% . Every Berlin borough also established its own twin towns. As of 2014[update], Berlin had 878 schools, teaching 340,658 children in 13,727 classes and 56,787 trainees in businesses and elsewhere. [246] and was one of the hosts of the FIBA EuroBasket 2015. 01280. Dans son nouvel opus, Carlo Rovelli se fait volontiers passeur pour mieux nous raconter la « quantique » et en proposer aussi son interprétation personnelle, fruit dâune vie de recherche. The 2011 COP 17 was held in Durban, South Africa, from 28 November to 9 December 2011. [21] Significant industries also include IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, clean tech, biotechnology, construction and electronics. The parties also began discussing the post-Kyoto mechanism, on how to allocate emission reduction obligation following 2012, when the first commitment period ends. Mr. Peter Thomson, President of the UN General Assembly, called for the transformation of the global economy in all sectors to achieve a low emissions global economy. [30] The two towns over time formed close economic and social ties, and profited from the staple right on the two important trade routes Via Imperii and from Bruges to Novgorod. Juni, connecting the Brandenburg Gate and Ernst-Reuter-Platz, serves as the central eastâwest axis. It is the most visited zoo in Europe and presents the most diverse range of species in the world. All communities have a culture. The neighborhood of Moabit bears a French-derived name, and Französisch Buchholz is named after the Huguenots. [155], In 2019, Berlin has the best future prospects of all cities in Germany, according to HWWI and Berenberg Bank.