591-596 of Kilcullen’s more accurate translation (cit. See the paragraph ending with n. 32 above. The second extract (59-116) concerns possibility; it begins in medias res, rejecting the “secunda positio” (mistranscribed as pars) that accidental truths about the past are contingent (59-87) and that only self-contradictory affirmatives are impossible simpliciter (87-104) before giving Wyclif’s own view (105-116). Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 5Using this method , the temperature at which the first liquid formed was taken as an indication of the solidus ... gradient technique corrected for absorption and departure from black body conditions , 2 Thermal anomaly at 2,020 ° C. . 67-68). A similar approach to the biblical Postilla (which Thomson divided into 71 items, of which 22 were not known to have survived) would further reduce the total to about 130. Active Fluxes – Active fluxes produce changes in weld metal chemistry when welding is changed.Active fluxes are restricted to single or minimal multi-pass welding. These cookies do not store any personal information. This phenomenon predates the Trialogus fiasco. And this is just the first chapter. Lahey’s Trialogus has already received five reviews, and these are all unambiguously positive. ••• Tag them to make sure they apply…” A double error allows ‘arguitur ad idem per hoc quod’ (the same conclusion is argued for on the grounds that) to become “it is argued on this same point that” (p. 200). 10987654321. The Latin, though, reads: ‘de objectis istorum quinque sensuum interiorum tractatum specialem reliqui53 perspectivis’ (I have left the specific treatment of the objects of these five internal senses to the perspectivists).54 What’s worse, this ghost treatise is identified by Lahey as the De actibus anime, “so described because of the treatise’s relation to the Perspectiva of Vitellius.” It is true that the De actibus anime enumerates the acts of the internal senses in the first paragraph,55 but the treatise (or what survives of it) deals with the metaphysics of mental acts in general rather than specifically with their objects;56 and as for its relation to Witelo’s Perspectiva, here Lahey has relied on an excited paragraph in Thomson’s catalogue that was quickly deflated by Ivan Mueller and that collapses completely on further investigation.57 Again, to take an example that will frustrate anyone interested in Wyclif’s relationship with the church, he apparently says he has sent three conclusions about the eucharist “to various satraps, since a presentation is due” (p. 210). Fourthly, the translations are riddled with misconstruals of Latin syntax. And on p. 346, referring to the medieval Latin ‘spongiositatibus’ in a passage that I discuss at n. 63 below, he claims that “OED marks first English usage as 1400”; in fact, ‘spongiosity’ is first attested in the OED in around 1541, and ‘spongy’ (Lahey’s translation) in 1539; the date of 1400 may have been taken from the entry for ‘spongious’ (from the Classical Latin spongiosus). De civili dominio, vol. On p. 278, explaining his use of the nonce-word ‘illiberate’ to translate ‘illiberant’ (his typo for illibertant), Lahey ignores the three previous occurrences of the verb, which he translated as “compel” (pp. “one in which a subject and predicate are linked by a copula” (pp. 29-30). La monnaie romaine est de toutes les monnaies antiques celle qui a connu la plus longue et la plus grande expansion géographique, jusqu'à devenir durant plusieurs siècles la monnaie commune du monde occidental et méditerranéen. Levy (Kalamazoo, 2001); the De officio pastorali and parts of the De eucharistia are abridged by Ford Battles in Advocates of Reform: From Wyclif to Erasmus, ed. Stefano Simonetta), and a Petitio (trans. And so on. esp. However, the fact that these initials do not appear does not necessarily mean that it is unfit for circulation or fraudulent. PLEASE ALSO NOTE: The IRC Committees will not normally review Grant applications unless a complete protocol is submitted for review. Penn describes the De logica tractatus tertius as “probably having been completed before 1363” because “it would seem unlikely that Wyclif would have chosen to produce a second logical treatise so long after the publication of [his introductory textbook]” (pp. Many also choose to collect by the minting locales (mints) – these are the “provincial Roman coins“. nn. n. 42 above) and the Vienna manuscript unknown to Lechler (ÖNB 4516), the ‘Alithia’ of the printed editions seems a heavy-handed intervention. Still, it is good to see a strong showing from the underappreciated biblical Postilla. IV, 403: “Sensus tamen litteralis scripture dupliciter potest intelligi: vel pro sensu quem ignari grammatici et layci primo eliciunt, vel pro sensu quem ex doctrina Spiritus Sancti doctor catholicus debet primo elicere; et iste sensus est spiritualis circa quem doctores sacre pagine debent specialiter laborare.”. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 313Deacon Barochi(o)s gave alms of 1⁄2 (solidus), Deacon Symeon 1 solidus, Deacon Apson 1 solidus, Deacon Dipheos 1 solidus, Deacon Gaion 1 solidus, Deacon Macedonius 1⁄2 solidus, Megistianos 1 solidus, Kaiumos 1 solidus. I am a specialist in Spanish currency (from the Catholic Kings to today), euros and large silver modules. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2013. viii + 363 pp. Scholarship on this work is still in its infancy; it has not even been noticed that the text edited by Dziewicki (cit. interpreted so as to remove the difficulty (glozari). 39 (1988), 433-437, though the near-absence of the Trialogus from these florilegia is equally evident from the pioneering surveys by Anne Hudson that Lahey cites in support of his claim. Manchester: Manchester University Press 2019. xvi + 335 pp. 183, 185; cf. The conjunctive error is again shared by MS Vienna ÖNB 4516 (f. 109r) and Lechler’s MSS ABC (cf. In this, he is just following the text of the De demonio meridiano printed by Rudolf Buddensieg, who characteristically chose an erroneous reading in his base manuscript (activam) over the correct one in his three other MSS (ecclesiam): John Wiclif’s Polemical Works, ed. M. Dziewicki (London, 1896), 188. dictus frater] vel alius docere voluerit, vel racione vel scriptura, quod quecunque sentencia quam ego detego sit falsa vel ad edificacionem ecclesie non dicenda, volo paratissime ipsam revocare”; ibid., 254: “Ego autem protestor, sicut sepe confessus sum, quod si quidquam scripsero vel dixero in quacunque sciencia quod non sit fundabile in scriptura, illud dolenter revoco, confitens quod sepe erraveram, et rogo ut ecclesia illud habeat ut errorem.”. Les euros des régions correspondent à des séries de pièces de collection françaises émises en euro par la Monnaie de Paris.De 2010 à 2012, une pièce gravée par Joaquin Jimenez a été émise pour chaque région française (outre-mer compris) avec chaque année un thème différent : l'héraldique en 2010, les monuments en 2011 et les personnages célèbres en 2012. Lahey claims that Pseustis, Wyclif’s captious objector, “is a friar” (p. 3). I.C. 2” should be vol. It is difficult to find gold coins below $1,000. The original word is ‘gastrimargia’ (γαστριµαργία), first attested in the mid-420s in the Institutes (esp. Thirdly, the translations are shot through with misinterpretations of ordinary Latin words. 14-17). H. Barr and A. Hutchinson (Turnhout, 2005), 67-77 (citable e.g. The last two could just have been swapped around, and an even closer match with the chapters (n. 5 above) would have been possible. Z. Silagiová (Prague, 1997), 133. In decreasing order, a third of the material is taken from Wyclif’s Postilla, De ecclesia, and De officio regis; the De septem donis Spiritus Sancti is translated in full; there are substantial extracts from the De eucharistia, De Christo et suo adversario Antichristo, Trialogus, De veritate sacre scripture, De ordinatione fratrum, De civili dominio, and De eucharistia et penitentia; and the remaining quarter comes from seventeen other works.6 Genre-wise, this gives a reasonable cross-section of Wyclif’s output after he had turned his attention to theology in the mid-1360s.7 It is a shame that his rich and idiosyncratic sermon collections are not represented, though we do get the standalone sermon De demonio meridiano, here billed as a “treatise” (p. 294). S. Unguru (Wrocław, 1991). The one on p. 312 to “note 24” is erroneous; n. 33 is meant. R. Buddensieg, vol. I, 214); and the “pudenda” are described as “membra nervosa” in a discussion of sexual pleasure from around 1290: L. Cova, “Le questioni di Giovanni Vath sul De generatione animalium,” Archives d’Histoire Doctrinale et Littéraire du Moyen Age 59 (1992), 175-287, at 223-227. The designs of the Republic coins include divinities and emperors – during the Empire – that authorized its emission. In Lechler’s edition (cit. Here Lechler (p. 261) noted that the editio princeps had ‘involvunt’ (implicate); this reading is preferable, and it proves to be shared by the Florence manuscript (cit. You can accept, revoke or customize your settings for this site at any time from the cookie policy. The same goes for a Paulist Press anthology that includes five Wyclif translations by Lahey: Wycliffite Spirituality, ed. pp. 117-119 and 276-277, even though he also rears his head on at least pp. Like Penn’s anthology, this will be a rotten foundation for the “scholars and students” identified in the blurb as the target readership. Naturally, matters do not improve when the prose is more complex. The rot goes so deep that it would be a pedagogical crime to inflict this material on students. III, ed. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 352First , we express the variation in temperature as a function of melt fraction and pressure : m elt fraction are parallel to the solidus ; and ( 2 ) the solidus can be adequately described by a Clapeyron slope , eqn . 7 . 3 . Wyclif’s explicit associations of philocapti with mundana, temporalia, and seculum are easy enough to find. Two pieces are missing. No hints, I’m afraid, but for the context of the penultimate example, see Augustinus, De civitate Dei XV, c. 16. There is no evidence for this in the text, whose silence on the point would be odd given how often the other characters complain about the friars. also n. 72 below. After all this backslapping, it is no surprise that Lahey’s mistranslations have already started to infect the literature; we saw his ‘spongy feces’ in n. 63 above, and there are others in E. Tiner, “Sarcasm and Heresy: John Wyclif and the York Fall of the Angels Play,” in Words that Tear the Flesh, ed. When grammar teaches us the quid nominis of terms, we learn not their “names” (p. 92) but their meanings. And now Penn has him saying: “I protest that nobody saying these things, if he was taught or if any viator knew how to teach, that that sentence is contrary to the faith of scripture or to reason, would wish humbly to revoke it” (p. 198). Hudson arrived at this estimate by taking the 435 items in Thomson’s catalogue of Wyclif’s works (cit. In a disputation, someone who is redargutus is not “rejected” (p. 80) but refuted, and a proposition that is proposita is not “cited” (ibid.) n. 2 above, p. 43). The publication history is continued engagingly, albeit with uncritical reverence for the editorial methods of Rudolf Buddensieg (cf. Bullet-point ‘item’ (also), announcing the next argument in a series, is often mistranslated as “now” or “indeed”, and once as “so” (p. 43). 4. Thematically speaking, Penn’s approach is conservative: the topics are ones that already have a place in the secondary literature. Phronesis’ reply is likewise garbled from start to finish (pp. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 5Using this method , the temperature at which the first liquid formed was taken as an indication of the solidus ... Results of the solidus and liquidus investigations are given in table 3 . ... 2 Thermal anomaly at 2,020 ° C. 50 .. 65 . Discovery, Inc. (Nasdaq: DISCA, DISCB, DISCK) announced that discovery+, the … It is also at best a fudge to say that Payne “used” an index that is explicitly ascribed to him (on which cf. Un indice proche de 100 indique que la pièce ou le billet est rare parmi les membres de Numista, tandis qu'un indice proche de 0 indique que la pièce ou le billet est plutôt courant. Here he has just said that hardly anyone dares to speak the gospel truth in this matter for fear of punishment. Ian Levy, the leading authority on Wyclif’s exegesis, got in early with the claim that Lahey’s style of translation “keeps the reader close to the text and thereby reduces the risk of misconstrual”. Numista type number (https://numista.com). If, therefore, we do not drastically improve the level of graduate training in medieval Latin, hopeless misunderstandings of medieval sources will increasingly come to scar the scholarly landscape.71 In the meantime, it is evidently worth reminding translators and reviewers alike, as Wyclif used to remind his contemporaries, that “if the blind lead the blind, both fall into the pit.”72. ix, 2 n. 3, 5 n. 19), vel for sive (p. xii), scriptorium for scriptorum (p. 1 n. 1), “Beropols” for “Brepols” (p. 8 n. 28), Powers for Power (p. 13), “⟨in⟩ the sacrament” (p. 13), “Gillesprieste” for “Gillespie” (p. 16 n. 49), “Tractaus” for “Tractatus” (p. 17 n. 51), Armenorm for Armenorum (p. 26 n. 68), Hispaliensis for Hispalensis (p. 63 n. 18), 475 for 1475 (p. 64 n. 19), “Ronald” for “Roland” (p. 65 n. 20), apprehender and comprhendere for apprehendere and comprehendere (p. 84 n. 72), “(i)” omitted for selection #27i (p. 172), Retratactiones and “Ramsay” for Retractationes and “Ramsey” (p. 192 n. 45), temporales for temporalia (p. 320), “Sacriptural” (p. 324), “Grossetetste” (p. 330), “atomisitic” (p. 334). Numismatic collector with special interest in the history of Spain. Ian Levy has welcomed the volume as a “praiseworthy effort” that allows the texts to be read by “a general audience, which might be unfamiliar with Scholastic Latin”: Theological Studies 75:1 (2014), 197-199. It is tempting to diagnose an error in ‘taliter nervosorum’, especially as a recycled text has the smoother ‘taliter abusorum’: Stanislav of Znojmo, De gracia et peccato, ed. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 52Pour des températures assez basses, la matière est à lГétat solide, ce domaine étant limité par le solidus. Si ce dernier est continu, il sГagit dГune seule phase solide constituée des deux espèces totalement miscibles. For instance, in his inaugural lecture as a master of theology, Wyclif makes the revealing claim that logic is useful cum ipsa detegit veritates inertibus absconditas, dilucidat universales substancias plebeis incognitas, et extendit presenciam successivorum et per consequens permanencium extra instans (because it reveals truths hidden from the unskilled, elucidates universal substances unknown to common people, and extends the presentness of successive entities and thus of permanent entities beyond the [present] instant). Penn does not identify the reference, presumably to Galatians 3:7 (but cf. 65 (2014), 790-811. Dom. Gold coins coveted by collectors include the Aureus, Solidus and Spur Ryal. Forward-looking ‘ad hoc quod’ (in order for it to be the case that) is mistranslated as “to whatever” (p. 264). In fact, the Trialogus begins on f. 88r, and it is preceded by Marsilius of Padua’s Defensor pacis in a copy whose Wycliffite connections are incidentally evident from the rubricated annotations (e.g. When absolution is commercialized, the faithful should not “wipe away” avarice (p. 126) but expose it (detegere). The denarius is the reference currency in Roman coin collecting, and was center of its economy until it was replaced as the central unit by the double denarius or Antoninianus. Romans 4): qui ex fide sunt, ii sunt filii Abrahae. 40-41). Nouveautés 2020; Pièces d'or; Pièces d'argent; Catalogue Novembre - Décembre; ♥ Coup de coeur ♥ ; Thèmes. Dismissing the metaphysical reduction of lordship to its individual relata, Wyclif apparently says: “Nor should we even entertain the laboured reasoning of slick logicians in relation to this question” (p. 231); but the Latin is ‘nec est difficile argucias ad hoc nitencium statim tollere’ (nor is it hard to immediately demolish the stratagems of those who strive to do this). TozziniFreire Advogados and Osborne Clarke advised Discovery on the deal. 2. This represents the “Senatus Consulto“, which indicates the legality of the coinage when it is approved for production. 2: Ethics and Political Philosophy, ed. Sur 1 an: entre janvier 2020 et janvier 2021, la valeur du Napoléon 20 Francs Or a progressé de 20,08 %. The 185-odd Wyclif quotations in the Floretum include over 80 from the Sermones, over 70 from the De mandatis divinis, and over 20 from the Opus evangelicum, but not one from the Trialogus, while those in the Rosarium include just one from the Trialogus (on the three types of deficiency in faith, p. 117); for details, see C. von Nolcken, “Notes on Lollard Citation of John Wyclif’s Writings,” Journal of Theological Studies n.s. Wyclif, De civili dominio, vol. To take a simple example, Jesus’s famous aphorism that “many are called, but few are chosen” (multi sunt vocati, pauci vero electi) is jaw-droppingly mistranslated as “many of the elect are called poor” (p. 292). n. 51 below). A. Hudson, “Accessus ad auctorem: The Case of John Wyclif,” Viator 30 [1999], 323-344, at 333-337). J. Loserth, vol. Charitably parsed, this amounts to a stubborn assertion that his conviction is unshakeable. I, ed. In decreasing order, there are sizeable extracts from the De dominio divino and De potentia productiva Dei ad extra, and both the De solutione Sathane and the De demone meridiano are translated in full. Trouvé à l'intérieurShe is editor of 'International Sociology', Vice-President of ESA (European Sociological Association) and main researcher of SOLIDUS (H2020). Anna O. Soter is Professor Emerita at the Ohio State University, and Adjunct Professor at ... III, 37: “protestor quod si ipse [sc. D. Di Liscia and E. Sylla (Leiden, in press). the notes on his Physics commentary in the last few pages of M. Thakkar, “Wyclif, The Black Sheep of the Oxford Calculators,” in Quantifying Aristotle. II, 281). 35 and 38. Logic can solve not “debates concerning the presence of God” (p. 93) but puzzles about his foreknowledge (dubia, presciencia). Take, for instance, Wyclif’s argument against a recursive hierarchy of ideas (pp. En numismatique, le napoléon [1] est une pièce de monnaie d'or française de vingt francs contenant 5,805 grammes d'or pur, créée le 28 mars 1803 par le Premier Consul Napoléon Bonaparte.Elle a porté l'effigie de ce dernier mais aussi, au fil des régimes, celles de Louis XVIII, Charles X, Louis-Philippe, Napoléon III ou bien des symboles républicains. n. 57 below): the third extract is presumably from Book 2 on quality and quantity, the first is probably from Book 5 on mental acts (which was followed by three books on mental qualities, ending with the habit of knowledge), and the second may be from Book 4 on, at a guess, power or volition. IV, ed. Cross-references are vanishingly rare. Inevitably, there is scope for disagreement about precise choices of terminology, as when Penn translates sensibilis as “sensible” (e.g. Lamenting the state of his country, Wyclif apparently pauses to reassure us that “The kingdom of England is blind to such worldly prosperity and love of the name of the world” (p. 295); but the Latin is ‘Ad tantum enim mundana prosperitas et nominis temporalis cupiditas regnum Anglie excecavit’ (for this is how far worldly prosperity and desire for temporal renown have blinded the kingdom of England).28 For that matter, Wyclif has also just accused Englishmen of being “blinded to such an extent that” (adeo excecati quod) they believe that the church prevails against God’s law; here Penn has him saying they have become blind “because” they believe this (p. 295).29 And so on. When collecting coins from the Roman era we have to be aware that there are two great historical periods, the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. The preface is printed in Sancti patris Ioannis Damasceni opera, ed. 142, 194), “nevertheless” (p. 80) and “indeed” (p. 141); ‘cum’ (although) is mistranslated as “whenever” (p. 44); ‘cum’ (since) as “indeed” (p. 80); ‘tamen’ (nevertheless) as “therefore” (p. 198); ‘nec’ (nor) as “accordingly” (p. 271). J. Loserth, vol. After explaining the precise wording of his definition of lordship, for instance, he says “patet tota descripcio”, which Penn translates as “this is the whole picture” (p. 230). Successive entities are things that cannot exist all at once but only over an interval, e.g. Nor can I see any evidence to support his vague claim that he “made use of this manuscript in this translation”; on the contrary, cf. n. 29 below), in H. Spencer, “F.J. Beryl Smalley misread ‘inertibus’ as ‘in crtibus’ and conjectured (on the basis of subsequent remarks about the usefulness of natural philosophy) that this was a corruption of ‘in visceribus nature’: “Wyclif’s Postilla on the Old Testament and his Principium,” in Oxford Studies Presented to Daniel Callus (Oxford, 1964), 253-296, at 291. In July 2002, a very rare $20 1933 Double Eagle gold coin sold for a record $7,590,020 at Sotheby's, making it by far the most valuable coin ever sold up to that time (a 1794 Flowing Hair Dollar sold for over $10 million in January 2013). Errors continue to plague the second half of the paragraph, where Wyclif gives a separate argument (not identified as such in the translation) as to why it should please the bishops that a treatment should be given of the Christian belief on the quiddity of the church (quod tractetur fides christiana de quiditate ecclesie) – or, as Penn mystifyingly has it, “that the Christian faith is drawn from the quiddity of the church” (p. 173). You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 41b.c. 1 25 — t.b.c.-b.c. 1 2017 8 baroques 1849 , billon t.b.c. 60 2018 3 bañoques 1849 , cuivre t.b.c. 40 2019 1 bañoque 1849 , cuivre t.b.c. O 30 t.b.c.-b.c. 20 2020 Retegno . Antoine - Théodore . ... Solidus 1643 ( 3 var . ) ... For Stephen Pride and,of course,Shifra. Lahey’s translation reads (p. 38): “It is more pleasing to speak to an audience of many people who desire more than common talk, and it is more influential to the minds of all those who need more than a single voice, whose minds are sharpened by dialogue; so it is suitable to make use of a ‘Trialogue’.” From this half-sentence alone, it is clear that we are in for an extremely bumpy ride. With the same size as a denarius and a similar design, it is a safe purchase in terms of conservation of value. Of all the ancient coins, ancient Roman coins are the best buy for many coin collectors, both for investment and to enjoy their beauty and historical richness. e.g. We may as well finish the prologue, since the second half provides the dramatis personae: ubi primo tanquam Alithia solidus philosophus loqueretur, secundo infidelis captiosus tanquam Pseustis objiceret, et tertio subtilis theologus et maturus tanquam Phronesis decideret veritatem (in which firstly a solid philosopher would speak as Alathia [Truth],49 secondly a captious unbeliever would object as Pseustis [Liar], and thirdly a subtle and mature theologian would determine the truth as Phronesis [Wisdom]). J. Loserth and F. Matthew (London, 1922), 434-453. “Armachanus” is identified as FitzRalph parenthetically on p. 135 and in a more helpful footnote on p. 296, but not on p. 227. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 67solidus. RESTITVTOR REIPVBLICAE. Emperor stg. r., holding standard and Victory. R.I.C. 2b (Antioch). ... 1000 170 619C 619B 20 20 619E 619D 700 950 170 20 130 800 1000 170 900 1000 180 35 20 68 623B 623C 624 624A 624B 625 625A 625B 626. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 5Using this method , the temperature at which the first liquid formed was taken as an indication of the solidus ... 1,520 1,555 1,650 1,515 1,580 1,708 1,835 1,790 1,940 2,070 2,055 1,995 2,090 2,140 2,100 2,032 2,140 2,020 65 1,980 70 ... In this article, you will find out the price of the main Roman coins, understand why they are so valued in numismatics and learn how to classify them. p. 138) instead of definition.19 One example of terminological inexactitude is worth pausing over: Penn translates philocaptus as “philo-captive”, glossing it in a footnote as a “compound coined by Wyclif to describe scholars who, in his opinion, had fallen victim to fashionable philosophical trends that could only hamper their pursuit of knowledge” (p. 194). “keep in bondage”, p. 339); he notes the verb’s absence from Latham’s Revised Medieval Latin Word-List (1965), but not its coverage in the Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, fasc. As you can imagine the most expensive Roman coins are within the reach of very few. But this claim is belied by the fact that even the workaday scholastic term ‘instantia’ (objection) and its companion ‘tollere’ (to dispose of, demolish) are repeatedly mistranslated, e.g. 448: “caro laute pasta spumat in libidinem”). Firstly, Lahey claims that one of the eight manuscripts that transmit the Trialogus is “a registrum used by the English Hussite Peter Payne in Prague” (p. 29). M. Spinka (Philadelphia, 1953), 21-90; and it is still worth noting Robert Vaughan’s abridgement of Book IV of the Trialogus, even though it was made from the 1525 edition (pace Lahey, p. 31 n. 70): Tracts and Treatises of John de Wycliffe (London, 1845), 131-216. The thematic headings in the introduction are “Wyclif’s metaphysics” (ch. For instance, reason-giving ‘enim’ and ‘nam’ (for) are often omitted or mistranslated as “now” or “indeed” (and even, on p. 43, “paradoxically, therefore”). pr.”, Lahey took this to mean “editor prefers”.44 And although ‘vegetivam’ is the only error that he admits to resurrecting in this way, I have noticed a few others in passing, so this may be just the tip of the iceberg.45, Nevertheless, my main concern is with the translation itself. He then uses this claim to join the dots between Wyclif’s Pseustis and the Athenian goatherd of the same name (misgendered as a “maiden”) who “represents the pagan mythos” in the Eclogue of Theodulus: since “many” friars used classical images in their sermons, maybe Wyclif “intended the reader … to be on the alert for opponents likely to trot out pagan myths if given half the chance” (p. 4). Our partners (including Google) may store, share and manage your data to deliver personalized ads. Sestertius, among the most collectible silver Roman coins, Denarius – a cornerstone in ancient Roman coins, Aureus – the most popular gold Roman coin. Required fields are marked *. 2), “Lordship, the king and the church” (ch. Sentence by sentence, these errors conspire to make Wyclif unintelligible. What’s more, we have already reached the stage where, in some universities, medieval Latin is taught from scratch to graduate students by people who were taught it from scratch when they were graduate students. Contact: [email protected], Ⓒ2021 Coleccionistasdemonedas.com | Valuable Coin Collecting & Numismatic Magazine. E.g. According to Lahey, the nineteenth-century critical edition of the Trialogus “frequently suggests the optimal reading of a word or phrase when the [variant readings] might lead to confusion” (pp. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 564Date Issuer Buyer/Owner Number of coins Finder/ Circumstances 1893 1 solidus Zeno (Fig. ... 18 unrecorded coins Table 16.2 Catalogue of coins from the Karsibór hoard Denomination Issuer Mint Date of issue Type Collection/ photo Weight/ ... Thirdly, Lahey claims that MS Florence BML Plut. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 427Tra id , -2020 ilitas Spurcities . D. s . Ties . Solidus . .241 id . Sputo . D. verb . Tarc . Solitarius . Solus . Squalus . SQUALEO . Solitudo . 1 ' ! id . ste19 noir Squamosus . SQUAMA . Sollicitatio . Sollicito..0914 Stabilio . Sto . For instance, ‘simpliciter’ (without qualification) is sometimes omitted (pp. Take, for instance, the opening paragraph of the De ecclesia, where he tries to motivate the treatise. Elder (Kalamazoo, 1995), 5-31, esp. This mistake distorts the whole chapter, where, according to Penn’s summary, Wyclif “argues that Grosseteste wilfully misinterprets [Ambrose and Augustine] in relation to the question of real presence” (p. 163). In the overviews that introduce each chapter, eleven selections are not discussed at all, while three others are not explicitly referred to;14 there is no such overview for the three documents in the appendix, one of which lacks an introductory paragraph (p. 302). The major error here is an untenable construal of the syntax, Wyclif’s claim being instead that the metaphysics of the church is more necessary for a Christian than any other metaphysics under the sun. ibid., 264: “Supponunt … fundamentum nimis putridum inficiens facta sua”) but he frequently warns of the dangers of a weak (debile) rather than firm (stabile) foundation. And of course the problems we are storing up here are not confined to Wyclif: they will affect almost all areas of medieval studies. In the first half of the paragraph, Penn has him claiming irrelevantly that “among all the metaphysical systems [metaphysicas] under the orbit of the sun, none is held to be more necessary than the Christian one [non reputo quod sit alia christiano necessarior]” (p. 173). In n. 21 on p. 63, Lahey cites a non-existent article of his own: “God’s Knowledge of Privatives: Wyclif’s De Ideis and his Theory of Insolubles,” allegedly in “The Modern Schoolman, 2010”; the reference should be to his “Of Divine Ideas and Insolubles: Wyclif’s Explanation of God’s Understanding of Sin,” TMS 86 (2009), 211-232.