Irma Ida Ilse Grese (born 7 October 1923, Wrechen, Free State of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Germany – died 13 December 1945, Hamelin, Germany) was employed at the Nazi concentration camps of Ravensbrück and Auschwitz, and was a warden of the women’s section of Bergen-Belsen. It is even conceivable that having two variations that each, individually, raise a person's risk might somehow lower the overall risk. Birch pitch is commonly found in archaeological sites, often with tooth imprints. I want you to note that she is the only woman this list. If a couple wants to avoid having a child with a nasty Mendelian genetic disease or condition, they could, in a decade or more, use CRISPR or other gene-editing tools to change an embryo's variants into a safer form or, today, they could use PGD to find out which embryos carry, or do not carry, the dangerous variants. That is mainly because other technologies can attain almost all the important hoped-for benefits of human germline genome editing, often with lower risk. High up in the atmosphere, temperatures are lower and so clouds can form.". She earned two Nobel Prizes – in 1903 for Physics and in 1911 for Chemistry. She was the inventor of the modern dishwasher. Saint Joan of Arc (1412 - 1431), known as 'the Maid of Orleans', at Reims Cathedral for the coronation of the dauphin as King Charles VII, circa 1429, accompanied by her squire Anton, her chaplain Jean Pasquerel and her pages. We know almost nothing about the structure of these non-Mendelian, or multigenic, risks. While this list is certainly subjective, it tries to take into account the actual power and the impact of each person. The most obvious potential benefit would be to edit embryos, or the eggs and sperm used to make embryos, to avoid the births of children whose genetic variations would give them a certainty or high risk of a specific genetic disease. Elisabeth Shue is also smart, having attended Wellesley College and the Harvard University. She is responsible for continuing Peter the Great's work in modernizing Russia, bringing it more in line with the West's Enlightenment ideas. Mendelian conditions can largely be put into five main categories, depending on where the relevant DNA is found and how many copies of the disease-causing variant are needed to lead to the disease: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, Y-linked, or mitochondrial. Or if an embryo has two copies of the genetic variation for the autosomal recessive Tay-Sachs disease, it could be edited so that the embryo had one or no copies and would be safe. Amalie Emmy Noether (1882 - 1935) Widely hailed as the most important woman in the history of mathematics, Amalie Emily Noether made groundbreaking contributions to physics and algebra. They have a higher IQ than the most intelligent humans that ever existed. Despite extraordinary medical advances throughout history, more than 800 women still die every day from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth – 99 per cent of them in developing countries. In the pitch, researchers identified the DNA of the Epstein-Barr virus, which infects about 90 percent of adults. In 1858 she married a wealthy man, William Cochran, who had earned a ridiculous amount of money as a dry goods … If more than one gene is involved, we cleverly call them non-Mendelian conditions or traits. This is because below the clouds, the temperature always falls with height within the atmosphere. She was a child genius and even before she turned one she could do calculations and speak complete sentences. Scientists have long puzzled over how Mars, a cold and dry planet, was once warm enough to support liquid water. We take a look at some of the most groundbreaking and inspirational women in history: from Cleopatra to Rosa Parks and Emmeline Pankhurst. It is clear, though, that, in general, PGD would be much less useful for non-Mendelian diseases than for Mendelian ones. 1. Making a list of the smartest people who ever lived may not be a smart thing to do. Judith holds other accomplishments and titles as well. Mann also is a purple karate belt proprietor and loves music and enjoys playing the guitar. She is one of the most intelligent, and clever person in all of history! As a monarch, the last of the Tudor dynasty, she encouraged major cultural changes like the Renaissance and the transformation of England into a Protestant country. These women indeed are smart and super intelligent and in their own ways they have contributed to the world and their countries, and have had their names etched in history. The 10 most evil women in history of the world. Yes, she left Harvard in the mid 80's so she can focus on her acting career, but she went back 15 years later to complete her studies in … Judit Polgar: IQ 170; Born on 23rd July 1976, Judith Polgar is a Hungarian Chess Grandmaster and is known as the greatest woman chess player of all time. She was a Franco-Polish Chemist and Physicist, mostly known for her work in radioactivity. Once they are resolved, in many situations it will be no better than somatic cell genome editing, except for the possible absence of needing to hit targets in multiple tissues or cell types and the absence of a need to repeat the editing for the next generation. Multigenic diseases like schizophrenia and cardiovascular disease are probably too complicated to be fixed by gene editing. She has played a great role in helping shape the modern world and her contributions will always be remembered. Read more FREE personal development articles HERE. In a simple world, they would be additive: if having a particular variation of one gene increases a person's risk of a disease by 10 percentage points and having a particular variation of a different gene increases that person's risk by 5 percentage points, then having both would increase the risk by 15 percent. She claimed to have mystical visions and rallied French troops to defeat the English in the Battle of Orleans among others. "It is the biggest Stone Age site in Denmark and the archaeological finds suggest that the people who occupied the site were heavily exploiting wild resources well into the Neolithic, which is the period when farming and domesticated animals were first introduced into southern Scandinavia.". 8. In the near-term, gene editing is not likely to be useful. But if the surface had less ice, a layer of high-altitude, icy clouds could have formed. She was murdered by her bodyguards over her order to storm their holy temple during an insurgency four months prior. We want to understand all the ways in which a planet's long-term climate stability can break down — and all of the ways (not just Earth's way) that it can be maintained. Y-linked diseases, which are unusual, are found only in men and require only one copy — because only men have a Y chromosome and normally they have only one copy of it. That reminds us of “Lucy” who unveiled so many secrets of the living world because of extra brain functionality. These findings are encouraging for researchers focusing on ancient peoples from this part of the world. Embryo screening is a far more effective way to achieve the same objective. See more ideas about women in history, women, smart women. "Almost everything is sealed in mud, which means that the preservation of organic remains is absolutely phenomenal. The name of this prehistoric sculpture refers to a Roman goddess—but what did she originally represent? They have challenged the status quo, made lasting reforms, and many have presided over their countries for decades, ushering in prosperity and cultural revolutions. NASA's Perseverance rover may soon confirm this hypothesis by taking geological samples of the Martian surface. Germaine was the main opponent and critic of Napoleon who had banned her from France because of her writings. Her IQ score is about 200 and in certain IQ tests, she has scored more than that. When she died at the age of 92 on October 24, 2005, she became the first woman in the nation’s history to lie in state at the U.S. Capitol. Also, she is noted as one of the smartest women with the highest IQ ever. This might prove more effective than changing, say, 100 million blood-forming stem cells or several billion lung cells. The Mongol Empresses of the Yuan Dynasty. If she or he wanted to avoid a sick child, PGD or somatic cell gene therapy might be necessary. 18 September, 2016. She was also known as a patron of Buddhism. Germaine Stael, also known as Madame de Stael was born in Paris in 1766 and was a French Social Commentator and Political Activist. In a world filled with various types of behavior, one measurement of … Empress Wu Zetian (624-705) was the only female Emperor in Chinese history, living during the Tang Dynasty. Once perfected, gene editing is likely to be useful only under limited conditions. 22nd March 1982: British Conservative Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher with Indian premier Indira Gandhi (1917 - 1984), outside 10 Downing Street. So, why take the new, riskier — and, to many people, disconcerting — path of gene editing rather than just selecting embryos? Mondadori Portfolio/Getty Images Elena Cornaro Piscopia was an Italian mathematician and theologian. If gene editing could safely and effectively edit five places in an embryo's genome (or in two gametes' genomes), it could deliver the preferred outcome. Owing to her naval rank and great success she earned the title of “Amazing Grace”. Edith Stern is one of the smartest women ever to be born. This represents the first time that the human genome has been extracted from material such as this. Maria Theresa of Austria (1717-1780) was a Hapsburg Empress who reigned for 40 years and controlled a large part of Europe, including Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, and parts of Italy. However, if surface water is only found in cold places, most of the surface is warmer than the cold traps, and so low-level clouds can't form over most of the surface (higher temperatures --> lower relative humidity --> no condensation --> no clouds). Variations in two, or twenty, or two hundred genes may influence the condition. Despite appearances, like Marilyn Monroe, Jayne Mansfield was a very intelligent woman. The chances of finding an embryo with "the right" set of genetic variations at five different spots along the genome will be much smaller than of finding an embryo with just one "right" variation. Elizabeth I (1533-1603) was one of most powerful English monarchs ever. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images). But what about “Eliza Pinckney” and “the first successful indigo cultivation that built a multimillion-dollar cash crop industry”? Marie Curie, in fact, is the most popular woman scientist ever and it will take pages after pages to write about her achievements and contributions. She was a Greek philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician in Egypt and then the Eastern Roman Empire. She did have her detractors who accused her of ruthlessness and cruelty, perhaps going as far as killing her daughter and son as part of a political intrigue. The following women are glowing examples of ceaseless… Grace Hopper was a popular and bright computer scientist from the United States. She had sixteen children, who also became key power players like the Queen of France, the Queen of Naples and Sicily as well as two Holy Roman Emperors. Throughout history there have been many powerful women who have led nations or guided armies into war, renowned not only as fearsome fighters, but also as cunning strategists and inspirational leaders. Queen Elizabeth I. Irma Grese. If the clouds have the right particle size and thickness to effectively absorb infrared, this means that the cloud-top temperature is constant for a given amount of absorbed sunlight. Famous for her love affairs with Roman leaders Julius Caesar and Marc Anthony a woman is in place! 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