He is commonly portrayed as laughing in a way that sounds like "ho ho ho". "The Government of Canada wishes Santa the very best in his Christmas Eve duties and wants to let him know that, as a Canadian citizen, he has the automatic right to re-enter Canada once his trip around the world is complete," Kenney said in an official statement. [94][95][96][97] Parents can order a personalized "Santa letter" to be sent to their child, often with a North Pole postmark. [33] A magazine article from 1853, describing American Christmas customs to British readers, refers to children hanging up their stockings on Christmas Eve for "a fabulous personage" whose name varies: in Pennsylvania he is usually called "Krishkinkle", but in New York he is "St. Nicholas" or "Santa Claus". But in early America Christmas wasn't much like the modern holiday. Santa is much more organic, integral, connected to the past, and therefore connected to the future. John Condry of Cornell University interviewed more than 500 children for a study of the issue and found that not a single child was angry at his or her parents for telling them Santa Claus was real. The History of Santa Claus. [128][129], Mary Baker Eddy, the founder of the Christian Science movement, wrote: "the children should not be taught that Santa Claus has aught to do with this [Christmas] pastime. History of Santa Claus . Images of St. Nicholas vary considerably, but none of them look much like the red-cheeked, white-bearded old man seen everywhere today. In light of this, the character has sometimes been the focus of controversy over the holiday and its meanings. [41] Coca-Cola's competitor Pepsi-Cola used similar Santa Claus paintings in its advertisements in the 1940s and 1950s. Santa's scandalous past Shocking stories have emerged over the last century that question whether Santa Claus should be the icon of the Christmas season. [24] Folklorist Margaret Baker maintains that "the appearance of Santa Claus or Father Christmas, whose day is the 25th of December, owes much to Odin, the old blue-hooded, cloaked, white-bearded Giftbringer of the north, who rode the midwinter sky on his eight-footed steed Sleipnir, visiting his people with gifts. He is said to accomplish this with the aid of Christmas elves, who make the toys in his workshop at the North Pole, and flying reindeer who pull his sleigh through the air.[3][4]. This is what I think of when considering The Origins of Santa Claus. A Visit from St. Nicholas, more commonly known as The Night Before Christmas and ' Twas the Night Before Christmas from its first line, is a poem first published anonymously in 1823 and later attributed to Clement Clarke Moore, who claimed authorship in 1837.. A dispatch from an extremely Florida war. Santa Claus Worldwide describes gift givers throughout the world in history from the pagan god Odin to the present day Father Christmas, Weihnachmann, Père Noël, Ded Moroz, and Santa Claus. [74] There are associations with members who portray Santa; for example, Mr. Meath was a board member of the international organization called Fraternal Order of Real Bearded Santas. [] [] Reputed to be kind and generous, St. Nick became the subject of several legends, and his Dutch name, Sinter Klaas (shortened from Sint Nikolas) eventually evolved into Santa Claus The American version of the Santa Claus figure received its inspiration and its name from the Dutch legend of Sinter Klaas, brought by settlers to New York in the 17th century. "The other story is not so well known now but was enormously well known in the Middle Ages," Bowler said. What happens if intercity buses disappear? In Denmark, he is said to live in Greenland (near Uummannaq). In North American tradition (in the United States and Canada), Santa is said to live at the North Pole, which according to Canada Post lies within Canadian jurisdiction in postal code H0H 0H0[62] (a reference to "ho ho ho", Santa's notable saying, although postal codes starting with H are usually reserved for the island of Montréal in Québec). … May's boss thought they could save some money by printing their own books and asked May to come up with a story. India's Covid-19 vaccines are running out, as second wave accelerates. But his historical journey is even longer and more fantastic than his annual, one-night circumnavigation of the globe. Tags on gifts for children are sometimes signed by their parents "From Santa Claus" before the gifts are laid beneath the tree.[59][60][61]. A Greek Christian, Nicholas was Bishop of Myra, an area in present day Turkey. Future COVID-19 vaccines might not have to be kept so cold, Newfound black hole may be the closest to Earth, The enduring legacy of Michael Collins, astronaut and chronicler of Apollo 11, This 'double mutant' variant is adding fuel to India's COVID-19 crisis. Probably not. Santa's entrance into homes on Christmas Eve via the chimney was made part of American tradition through the poem "A Visit from St. Nicholas" where the author described him as an elf.[57]. Attempts to displace Christmas in Russia were ultimately unsuccessful, as were Soviet attempts to spread a secular version of Grandfather Frost, complete with blue coat to avoid Santa confusion, across Europe. It is believed that there is a monk named St.Nicholas who is much admired for his kindness and selflessness. Santa Claus, as we know him today, first appeared in North America in the early 19th Century, but his ancestor is believed by many to be St. Nicholas, a monk born around 280 AD in what is now known as Turkey. "I have a wonderful picture of him that looks exactly like George Washington riding a broomstick," Bowler said. – discuss]. Winter solstice Before we can talk about Santa Claus, we … In The Netherlands Sinterklaas is celebrated on December 5th. Some stories and legends include a village, inhabited by his helpers, surrounding his home and shop. Coca-Cola's Santa Claus: Not The Real Thing! New pumpkin toadlet species found—and it secretly glows in the dark, Idaho bill aims to kill up to 90 percent of state’s wolves, Wild horses and donkeys dig wells in the desert, Rent-a-chicken trend spikes during pandemic. In pre-Christian Norse tradition, Odin would often enter through chimneys and fire holes on the solstice. [149] In other studies, a small fraction of children felt betrayed by their parents, but disappointment was a more common response. Babe Ruth Santa… When the crypt was repaired in the 1950s, the saint's skull and bones were documented with x-ray photos and thousands of detailed measurements. Prior to that, the record was 3,921, which was set during the Santa Dash event in Liverpool City Centre in 2005. Martin Luther first suggested the Christkind as the bringer of gifts. Nicholas came from a wealthy family but became a monk, later a bishop, and was renowned for his generosity to the poor, becoming Europe’s favourite saint by the Middle Ages. It's complicated. For example, in Washington Irving's History of New York (1809), Sinterklaas was Anglicized into "Santa Claus" (a name first used in the U.S. press in 1773)[28] but lost his bishop's apparel, and was at first pictured as a thick-bellied Dutch sailor with a pipe in a green winter coat. One of the most astonishing of Steiff’s Santa Claus dolls is the company’s display or practically life-sized version. One of the first artists to define Santa Claus's modern image was Thomas Nast, an American cartoonist of the 19th century. His grotto is usually located in Fantasyland. Many believe that it houses the mortal remains and holy relics of St. Nicholas. Christmas, Saint Nicholas and Father Christmas bringing presents for the children, extreme extraordinary illustration with both, scrap-picture, Germany, circa 1910. [78], Other Santa letter processing information, according to the UPU's 2007 study and survey of national postal operations, include:[78], Canada Post has a special postal code for letters to Santa Claus, and since 1982 over 13,000 Canadian postal workers have volunteered to write responses. Thanks to “Twas the Night,” Santa has the assistance of eight reindeer who pull his sleigh on Christmas Eve to deliver presents to all the good boys and girls. It is believed that he gave away all his wealth to the poor and sick. We save our bah humbugs for the things that exploit the vulnerable. In the Czech Republic, a group of advertising professionals started a website against Santa Claus, a relatively recent phenomenon in that country. [26] The flying reindeer could symbolize the use of fly agaric by Sámi shamans.[27]. Some, such as NORAD Tracks Santa, the Google Santa Tracker, the emailSanta.com Tracker[98] and the Santa Update Project, have endured. Over the objection of the monks of Myra the sailors took the bones of St. Nicholas to Bari, where they are now enshrined in the Basilica di San Nicola. "I'm not against Santa himself. A Greek Christian, Nicholas was Bishop of Myra, an area in present day Turkey. The ads used images of a man dressed as Santa, not dissimilar in appearance to the Santa Claus in … In other words, children do a great job of scientifically evaluating Santa. Scholarly debate over where the remains of the Greek bishop rest continues to this day, but traditionally, it was believed that the bones of St. Nicholas were stolen by Italian sailors during the 11th century and taken to the crypt of the Basilica di San Nicola on the southeast coast of Italy. The Santa we know today bears little resemblance to the original Saint Nicholas. That's part of the magic for me, especially in a culture where we've become so commercialized and hooked into manufactured icons. "Is There a Santa Claus?" St. Nicholas. Research on the history of Santa Claus's red coat show that in the late 19th century Santa Claus is depicted in a heavy brown coat, just the job for riding around on a cold winter night. (What child has ever received a coal for Christmas?) Early Christian Influence. In 1087, while the Greek Christian inhabitants of Myra were subjugated by the newly arrived Muslim Seljuq dynasty, and soon after their Greek Orthodox church had been declared to be in schism by the Catholic church (1054 AD), a group of merchants from the Italian city of Bari removed the major bones of Nicholas's skeleton from his sarcophagus in the Greek church in Myra. Once firmly established, North America's Santa then underwent a kind of reverse migration to Europe, replacing the scary gift bringers and adopting local names like Père Noël (France) or Father Christmas (Great Britain). Where 70% of people in the Netherlands and Belgium now celebrate Sinterklaas, now 66% now also celebrate Christmas. [75], Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many Santa grottos were not operating for the 2020 Christmas season. Eventually, the idea emerged that he had numerous elves responsible for making the toys, but the toys were still handmade by each individual elf working in the traditional manner. Santa Claus is known as de Kerstman in Dutch ("the Christmas man") and Père Noël ("Father Christmas") in French. He became a Christian priest who dedicated his life to the poor, needy, and sick. Essayist David Sedaris is known for the satirical SantaLand Diaries he kept while working as an elf in the Macy's display, which were turned into a famous radio segment and later published. A pair/group activity has students construct interesting or funny Christmas jingles. Instead, there was a miniature circus, the House of Dolls, a restaurant, and of course, Santa Claus! In December 2000, the Weather Channel built upon these local efforts to provide a national Christmas Eve "Santa tracking" effort, called "SantaWatch" in cooperation with NASA, the International Space Station, and Silicon Valley-based new multimedia firm Dreamtime Holdings. Written and sent with the help of a parent or teacher, children learn about the structure of a letter, salutations, and the use of an address and postcode. Nowadays, however, people in many nations have Santa on their own naughty list, either because he represents the secular side of Christmas at the expense of the religious. Here is a look at the history of Santa Claus over the centuries, the meaning behind the man, and how his image has been portrayed in art. The long, fascinating history of Santa Claus begins with Saint Nikolaos of Myra (traditionally said to have lived 270 – 343 AD), who is said to have been the bishop of the Greek city of Myra, which is located on the southwest coast of what is now modern-day Turkey. [78] Those seeking a North Pole holiday postmark through the USPS, are told to send their letter from Santa or a holiday greeting card by 10 December to: North Pole Holiday Postmark, Postmaster, 4141 Postmark Dr, Anchorage, AK 99530–9998. In Dutch artist Jan Steen's painting, The Feast of Saint Nicholas, adults and toddlers are glancing up a chimney with amazement on their faces while other children play with their toys. [52] In The Sopranos episode, "To Save Us All from Satan's Power", Paulie Gualtieri says he "Used to think Santa and Mrs. Claus were running a sweatshop over there. Children all around the world today know about Santa Claus, the man who delivers gifts to every house on Christmas Eve. Others, such as the Airservices Australia Tracks Santa Project,[99][100][101] the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport's Tracks Santa Project,[102][103][104] the NASA Tracks Santa Project,[105] and the Bing Maps Platform Tracks Santa Project,[106][107] no longer actively track Santa. Santa Claus: Should Parents Perpetuate the Santa Claus Myth? The annual event, which includes the lighting of the National Christmas Tree, began in 1923 under President Calvin Coolidge. They brought Sinterklaas with them to New World colonies, where the legends of the shaggy and scary Germanic gift bringers also endured. He was born to wealthy parents, who died in an epidemic while Nicholas was still young. Christmas in July—Inside a Santa Summer Camp. We will Be Watching, 19 Dec 2005", "New technology to map Santa's flight, 24 Dec 2009", "DFW airport unveils Santa Tracker website, 18 Dec 2006", "DFW Airport's 'Santa Tracker' Is Operational, by BJ Austin, 24 Dec 2009", "From NORAD Santa Tracker To Twitter: Santa Tracking For Christmas Eve 2009, by Danny Sullivan, 23 Dec 2009", "Here Comes Santa Claus! Nicholas was famous for his generous gifts to the poor, in particular presenting the three impoverished daughters of a pious Christian with dowries so that they would not have to become prostitutes. "Here we finally have the appearance of a Santa Claus," Bowler said. As travel opens up, glamping is helping ‘indoorsy’ families get outside, A vaccine may be your ticket to Europe this summer. Known for his good deeds, he … Various psychologists and researchers have wrestled with the ways that young children are convinced of the existence of Santa Claus, and have wondered whether children's abilities to critically weigh real-world evidence may be undermined by their belief in this or other imaginary figures. Santa Claus was born in early-nineteenth-century America, but his family tree goes back seven hundred years to Saint Nicholas, patron saint of children. But Nicholas remained popular as gifts bearer for the people. Santa's thin wagon was pulled by a single reindeer—but both driver and team would get a major makeover the next year. How fast can vaccines solve India's COVID-19 crisis? And adults do a great job of duping them. Though he undoubtedly means well, Santa has certainly stirred up, and continues to create, more than his fair share of controversy. In the United Kingdom, Father Christmas was historically depicted wearing a green cloak. He was a charitable bishop from Myra (now called Demre) in Turkey. A Brief History of Santa Claus. Students read about a history of Santa Claus and review word formation and parts of speech in sentences. Greyhound connects America. All the same, Santa still receives far more letters than e-mail through the national postal operators, proving that children still write letters. Moore’s Saint Nicholas smoked a pipe, navigated an airborne sleigh pulled by eight tiny reindeer, and made his entrance via the chimney. As you wait for Santa to come down your chimney tonight, browse through these images of Old Saint Nick from the National Geographic photo archive. 4 1920’s: The image of Santa had been standardized to portray a bearded, over-weight, jolly man dressed in a red suit with white trim. How did this St. Nicholas turn into the North Pole-dwelling bringer of Christmas gifts? One of the most compelling views of the real St. Nick, who lived in the third and fourth centuries, was created not by ancient artists but by using modern forensic facial reconstruction. In cultures and countries across the globe, Saint Nick is central to the celebration—and commercialization—of Christmas. [131][132] The League of Militant Atheists encouraged school pupils to campaign against Christmas traditions, among them being Santa Claus and the Christmas tree, as well as other Christian holidays including Easter; the League established an antireligious holiday to be the 31st of each month as a replacement. However this has been found to be less efficient than the use of the normal postal service, and this tradition is dying out in modern times, especially with few homes having open fires. Many television commercials, comic strips and other media depict this as a sort of humorous business, with Santa's elves acting as a sometimes mischievously disgruntled workforce, cracking jokes and pulling pranks on their boss. An illustrated poem, Old Santeclaus with Much Delight , published in 1821 by William B. Gilley, was the first published description of Santa Claus using a reindeer-drawn sleigh to deliver presents on Christmas Eve. Santa has been described as a positive male cultural icon: Santa is really the only cultural icon we have who's male, does not carry a gun, and is all about peace, joy, giving, and caring for other people. Having a Santa actor set up to take pictures with children is a ritual that dates back at least to 1918.[69]. It was Dutch immigrants who originally brought the legend of Saint Nicholas (who was known to them as Sinterklaas) with them to New Amsterdam, which we now know as New York City. Highest weather station in the Andes will help scientists search for climate answers, Video Story, How did the bluebonnet become a symbol of Texas?, Video Story, Copyright © 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright © 2015-2021 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Girls generally write longer but more polite lists and express the nature of Christmas more in their letters than in letters written by boys. President Reagan steps in, fires all of Santa's helpers, and replaces them with out-of-work air traffic controllers (an obvious reference to the 1981 air traffic controllers' strike), resulting in a riot before Santa vindictively rehires them in humiliating new positions such as his reindeer. He is the protector of many types of people, from orphans to sailors to prisoners. Today, it would be hard to imagine a world without the jolly, plump man dressed in red and white adding festive cheer around the world. Meet a man who has lived alone on an island for 32 years. The laughter of Santa Claus has long been an important attribute by which the character is identified, but it also does not appear in many non-English-speaking countries. "Lying To Kids About Santa Can Erode Their Trust, Psychologists Say", Materialism with the modern U.S. Christmas, "Without Magic, Santa Would Need 12 Million Employees", An article on the History of Santa Claus from the St. Nicholas Center, The History of Santa Claus and Father Christmas, Research guides for Thomas Nast and Santa Claus at The Morristown & Morris Township Public Library, NJ, "The Knickerbockers Rescue Santa Claus: 'Claas Schlaschenschlinger' from James Kirke Paulding's, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa_Claus&oldid=1019834146, Supernatural beings identified with Christian saints, Articles with dead external links from December 2010, Articles with dead external links from September 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016, Articles lacking reliable references from December 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2012, Articles with disputed statements from December 2016, Articles with minor POV problems from June 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. 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